Marco Polo (1254-1324) was a Venetian merchant believed to have journeyed across Asia at the height of the Mongol Empire. An authoritative version of Marco Polo's book does not and cannot exist, for the early manuscripts differ significantly, and the reconstruction of the original text is a matter of textual criticism. Accomplishes, Discoveries, Journeys, Travels By: Domenica. Born presumably in the Republic of Venice around 1254, Marco Polo played an important role in cartography. Niccolò and Maffeo remained in Venice anticipating the election of a new pope, but in 1271, after two years of waiting, they departed with Marco for the Mongol court. During the early part of 1272, they probably passed through Erzurum, in what is now eastern Turkey, and Tabrīz, in what is now northern Iran, later crossing inhospitable deserts infested with brigands before reaching Hormuz on the Persian Gulf. It is also believed that Marco visited territories to the south (other parts of Afghanistan, Kafiristan in the Hindu Kush, Chitral in what is now Pakistan, and perhaps Kashmir) during this period. By this point the Polos were on the main Silk Road, and they probably followed along the oases to the south and east of the Takla Makan Desert—Yarkant (“Yarcan”), Hotan (“Cotan”), Che’erchen (“Ciarcian”), and Lop Nur (Lop Lake). Henry Charles Lea Professor of History Emeritus, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. Polo's adventures are recounted in his own writings, The Travels, where he describes the peoples, places, and customs of the East, including the fabulous court of the Khan.The work caused a sensation and was … They say that he went on "Special" missions that Europeans did not see again till the last Century, His book " The Travels Of Marco Polo" inspired many young travelers and Explorers; Including ou. He became a very trusted friend of Kublai Khan; A confidant per say. He first set out at age 17 with his father and uncle, traveling overland along what later became known as the Silk Road.Marco Polo (1254-1324) was a VenetianVenetian1 Venetian. Turning gradually to the northeast, they reached more hospitable lands; Badakhshān (“Balascian”), in Afghanistan, in particular, pleased the travelers. By: Pedro, Marco Polo was very famous for his travels and stories he told from Ancient China. The travelers probably stopped in Suzhou (“Sukchu”; now Jiuquan) and Ganzhou (“Campiciu”; now Zhangye) before entering the Ningxia area. Kublai Khan sent Marco Polo on fact-finding missions to distant parts of the empire, including visits to Yunnan (and possibly Myanmar [Burma]) and through southeastern China to “Quinsay” (now Hangzhou). At 17, he left Venice with his father and uncle. In Acre (now in Israel) the papal legate, Teobaldo of Piacenza, gave them letters for the Mongol emperor. In 1271, Polo joins his father and uncle on a journey to the Holy Land, Persia and Tartary and China. Marco Polo, (born c. 1254, Venice [Italy]—died January 8, 1324, Venice), Venetian merchant and adventurer who traveled from Europe to Asia in 1271–95, remaining in China for 17 of those years, and whose Il milione (“The Million”), known in English as the Travels of Marco Polo, is a classic of travel literature. Marco Polo was a merchant in Venice before he became the famous explorer we know today. True or False: Marco Polo met the Emperor of China and even worked for him as a messenger and spy. Short Biography profile and facts about the life of Marco Polo The following short biography information provides basic facts and information about the life and history of Marco Polo a famous Medieval character of the Middle Ages: Nationality: Italian - Marco Polo was born in Venice ; Also Known by the Nickname: Lifespan: 1254-1324 Marco Polo, his uncle, and his father presenting the pope's letter at the court of Kublai Khan, detail of an illuminated manuscript; in the Bodleian Library, Oxford, England. Marco Polo, (born c. 1254, Venice [Italy]—died January 8, 1324, Venice), Venetian merchant and adventurer who traveled from Europe to Asia in 1271–95, remaining in China for 17 of those years, and whose Il milione (“The Million”), known in English as the Travels of Marco Polo, is a classic of travel literature. Marco Polo did not introduce pasta to Italy. https://www.discoverwalks.com/blog/top-10-facts-about-marco-polo 1324) left Venice for Cathay, or China, in 1271, spent 17 years in Kublai Khan's realm, and returned to Venice in 1295. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Q. Marco Polo To the north of Armenia lies Zorzania Georgia, near the confines of which there is a fountain of oil which discharges so great a quantity as to furnish loading for many camels. Author of, Marco Polo's travels to Asia (1271–95), immortalized in his. A Dollar Bill For You. Little is known of Marco Polo's life after his return to Venice. The river is famous for its beauty, trade, and influence on art and culture. Sign in|Recent Site Activity|Report Abuse|Print Page|Powered By Google Sites, What was Marco Polo most famous for? It is not clear whether they reached the Mongol summer capital of Shangdu (“Ciandu”) directly or after a detour; in any event, sometime in 1275 (1274, according to the research of Japanese scholar Matsuo Otagi) the Polos were again at the Mongol court, presenting the sacred oil from Jerusalem and the papal letters to their patron, Kublai Khan. Everything we … The Italian Marco Polo is probably the world’s most famous traveler and one of the world’s first travel writers. His father, Niccolo, and uncle, Maffeo, were successful travelers and traders who had set off to Asia just after Polo's birth. Marco Polo traveling in a caravan, illustration from the. https://healthresearchfunding.org/6-major-accomplishments-of-marco-polo Little is known about Marco’s early years except that he probably grew up in Venice. When political events prevented their return to Venice, they traveled eastward to Bukhara (Bokhara) and ended their journey in 1265, probably at the grand khan’s summer residence, Shangdu (immortalized as Xanadu by English poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge). After his return from Asia, Marco Polo thoroughly documented his encounters with unfamiliar animals such as elephants, monkeys and crocodiles. Marco’s thoughts on travel, culture are purely based out of his life and experiences. a(1) : a native or inhabitant of Venice. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Although it is uncertain if the Polos were of the nobility, the matter was of little importance in Venice, a city of republican and mercantile traditions. It is, however, difficult to establish which districts he traversed and which he may have described from information gathered en route. They next traveled through deserts of “surpassing aridity” toward the Khorasan region in what is now eastern Iran. True. There is no known portrait of Marco Polo. A total of about 150 copies in various languages are known to exist. Polo left Venice in 1271, traveling mainly overland to China where he lived for 17 years. Marco Polo’s main achievement was his journey on the silk road with his father in 1271. He was age 15 or 16 when his father and uncle returned to meet him and learned that the pope, Clement IV, had recently died. Updates? The Polos apparently managed their affairs well at Berke’s court, where they doubled their assets. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). It makes for a great story, but it … Today, the lights of boats shine on the Qinhuaihe, a branch of the Yangtze Traveling east as far as Mongol emperor Kublai Khan’s summer residence, Shangdu, they established friendly relations with him before returning to Europe as his ambassadors. He traveled farther than any of his predecessors during his 24-year journey along the Silk Road, reaching China and Mongolia, where he became a confidant of Kublai Khan. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. That means we will never see his true face. Marco Polo was famous not just for his extensive travels in Asia, but also largely because he wrote a book based on his travels that was incredibly... See full answer below. The family had traded with the Middle East for a long time, acquiring considerable wealth and prestige. 1254-ca. He was considered very "Brave" because he sailed the Ocean of "Risk" of falling out of Earth. Marco Polo developed his father skills. Before the availability of printing press, errors were frequently made during copying and translating, so there are many differences between the various copies. But the traveler often confused these strange faunae with creatures from myth and legend. The circumstances into which the world-famous explorer and writer Marco Polo was born were suitably epic. He first set out at age 17 with his father and uncle, traveling overland along what later became known as the Silk Road. He was born in Venice, Italy around 1254. Paper money and the use of coal are two of the main concepts that did not become common until Marco Polo introduced them. Marco Polo is famous for his travels through Asia. [...] It … Famous Birthdays The world-famous explorer Marco Polo is credited with many things, but perhaps the greatest is compiling one of the world’s first best-selling travelogues. His Father was a rich Merchant and a very good liar. The Rutsteins, however, did not and, not long after, set sail across the Mediterranean to Marco Polo's first stop - the 3,000-year-old port in Palestine known today as Haifa. Marco Polo - Marco Polo - Sojourn in China: For the next 16 or 17 years the Polos lived in the emperor’s dominions, which included, among other places, Cathay (now North China) and Mangi, or “Manzi” (now South China). Marco Polo was not … Before Marco Polo made the maps, Europeans couldn’t go to Asia so easily. The Polos had been on the road for only a few days when they heard that their friend Teobaldo had been elected pope as Gregory X. Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Marco-Polo, Explorers, Pirates and Privateers - Biography of Marco Polo, LiveScience - Marco Polo: Facts, Biography & Travels, Marco Polo - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Marco Polo - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). One of the first Europeans to glimpse an Asian rhinoceros, Polo thought the horned beasts were unicorns. Returning to Acre, they were given proper credentials, and two friars were assigned to accompany them, though they abandoned the Polos shortly after the expedition resumed. Marco Polo was an Italian merchant and explorer, famous for introducing Europeans to China and Central Asia.He inspired future travelers, including Christopher Columbus.Born presumably in the Republic of Venice around 1254, Marco Polo played an important role in cartography. Like Marco Polo, Rutstein also made a side trip to Jerusalem - where Polo had obtained chrism oil from the Church of the Holy Sepulchre as requested by the Chinese emperor. Marco Polo (1254-1324 CE) was a Venetian merchant and explorer who travelled to China and served the Mongol ruler Kublai Khan (l. 1214-1294 CE) between c. 1275 and 1292 CE. Polo was known for the book The Travels of Marco Polo, which describes his voyage to and experiences in Asia.Polo traveled extensively with … Top Questions. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. He described the latter, for instance, as giant, sharp-clawed serpents that could swallow a man at one time. Leaving Badakhshān, the Polos proceeded toward the Pamirs, but the route they followed to cross these Central Asian highlands remains uncertain. He was considered very "Brave" because he sailed the Ocean of "Risk" of falling out of Earth. He escorted a Mongol princess, with his father and uncle, by sea to Hormuz, and by land to Khorasan, during his return voyage to Venice. It is also speculated that Marco Polo introduced eyeglasses to Europe. Establishing friendly relations with the great Kublai Khan, they eventually returned to Europe as his ambassadors, carrying letters asking the pope to send Kublai 100 intelligent men “acquainted with the Seven Arts”; they also bore gifts and were asked to bring back oil from the lamp burning at the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem. Marco Polo was a Venetian explorer known for the book The Travels of Marco Polo, which describes his voyage to and experiences in Asia. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Marco Polo’s account in Il milione opened new vistas to the European mind, and, as Western horizons expanded, Polo’s legacy grew as well. Marco Polo (1254-1324) was a Venetian merchant believed to have journeyed across Asia at the height of the Mongol Empire. Read this biography to learn more about his … The circumstances into which the world-famous explorer and writer Marco Polo was born were suitably epic. Marco suggests that they remained there for a year; detained, perhaps, by illness (possibly malaria) that was cured by the benign climate of the district. Marco Polo was not the first European to reach China, but he was the first to leave a detailed chronicle of his experience. Between 1965 and 1970, some respondents to a Dictionary of American Regional English survey, when asked to name a game played in the water, responded with "Marco Polo." Marco Polo was 17 or 18 when he began his journey from Venice to the farthest reaches of the Mongol empire. His account of his travels is one of the most important travel documents ever written. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. He inspired future travelers, including Christopher Columbus. Marco Polo is best known for his accomplishments as a world traveler and pioneer in expanding trade routes in Asia, including what is now called the Silk Road. These stepping-stones led to Shazhou (“Saciu”) on the borders of China, a place now called Dunhuang. Marco Polo was one of the first and most famous Europeans to travel to Asia during the Middle Ages. He became famous for his book that told the story of his travels along the Silk Road to China. Marco Polo is credited for introducing many advanced Chinese technologies to the Western world. Corrections? There the Polos decided not to risk a sea passage to India and beyond but to proceed overland to the Mongol capital. His father, Niccolo, and uncle, Maffeo, were successful travelers and traders who had set off to Asia just after Polo's birth. answer choices. The use made of it is not for the purpose of food, but as an unguent for the cure of cutaneous distempers in men and cattle, as well as other complaints, and it is also good for burning. He apparently returned to private life and business until his death in 1324. What was Marco Polo’s greatest achievement? Please select which sections you would like to print: While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. They traveled the Silk Road to China where he met the great ruler Kublai Khan. Narrator: This is the story of Marco Polo, a young man who became famous for his travels from Europe to China. Marco is famous for his journeys through Asia where he documented what he saw for Kublai Khan. He fooled a large amount of people into believing that he's seen one or more of things he possibly could haven't have s. He was wise to leave his clan; There leader Kublai Khan was withering to old age. Marco Polo: his birthday, what he did before fame, his family life, fun trivia facts, popularity rankings, and more. Marco Polo is best known for his accomplishments as a world traveler and pioneer in expanding trade routes in Asia, including what is now called the Silk Road. Marco Polo’s father, Niccolò, and uncle, Maffeo, continued this legacy. Marco Polo was a good inspiration for other explorers such as Christopher Columbus. His life was full of so many adventures but here are the top 10 facts about Marco Polo that you should know. Omissions? He was one of the first Europeans to travel into Mongolia and China. The family appears to have been shrewd, alert, and courageous; about 1260 they foresaw a political change in Constantinople (e.g., the overthrow of the Crusaders who had ruled since 1204 by Michael VIII Palaeologus in 1261), liquidated their property there, invested their capital in jewels, and set off for the Volga River, where Berke Khan, sovereign of the western territories in the Mongol Empire, held court at Sarai or Bulgar. Polo’s way was paved by the pioneering efforts of his ancestors, especially his father, Niccolò, and his uncle, Maffeo. Here is a collection of Marco Polo quotes and sayings on exploration, culture, travel, story, law, China, India, book, flavor, men, atheism, food, kings, science etc. In the vast province of Gansu (called “Tangut” by Marco), an entirely different civilization—mainly Buddhist in religion but partly Chinese in culture—prevailed. Marco Polo was very famous for his travels and stories he told from Ancient China. Fun facts: before fame, family life, popularity rankings, and more. Polo traveled extensively with his family, journeying from Europe to Asia from 1271 to 1295 and remaining in China for 17 of those years. The Venetian traveler and writer Marco Polo (ca. Marco Polo was the legendary Italian merchant, explorer and traveler, who travelled to China and worked under emperor, Kublai Khan. Marco Polo (September 15, 1254 – January 8, 1324) Venetian trader and explorer who gained fame for his worldwide travels, recorded in the book Il Milione ("The Million" or The Travels of Marco Polo). Marco Polo would grow up to follow in his father’s and uncle’s footsteps and become a trader, traveler, adventurer and storyteller. Marco Polo was a Venetian explorer in the late 13th and early 14th centuries. Who Was Marco Polo? When Marco Polo left on his Asian trip to the court of Kublai Khan with his father and uncle, he was … Marco Polo was known as a water game in America by the 1960s. Through his travels through ancient China he met a very famous Leader of a Clan. From Acre the travelers proceeded to Ayas (“Laiazzo” in Marco’s writings, now Yumurtalik, on the Gulf of İskenderun, also called the Gulf of Alexandretta, in southeastern Turkey). Marco Polo is a hero because he made great maps of Asia. Descending on the northeastern side of the chain, they reached Kashi (“Cascar”) in what is now the Uygur Autonomous Region of Xinjiang, China. They stayed for 17 years in China and worked as an advisor and aide to Kublai Khan. 1. In 1271, when he was 17 years old, he traveled to Asia with his father and uncle. Marco Polo was an Italian merchant and explorer, famous for introducing Europeans to China and Central Asia. Marco Polo was able to learn and experience many things that were new to Europeans. The famous Venetian is believed to have left Venice at age 17 to embark on a 24-year journey through the Persian Gulf and Asia, spending much of this time in China in the court of the great Mongol emperor Kublai Khan. On his return trip to Europe, the three Polo men escorted the daughter of one of … They may have moved with the court from Shangdu, to the winter residence, Dadu, or “Taidu” (modern Beijing). The wealth of new geographic information recorded by Polo was widely used in the late 15th and the 16th centuries, during the age of the great European voyages of discovery and conquest. The Polos were likely shrewd, alert, and courageous; they traded with the Middle East and acquired considerable wealth and prestige. He lived in China for about 20 years and learned Chinese but left on a some-what important mission to Persia. We have gathered few of his sayings from his book and life. Soon after they arrived to Persia they heard sorrow news of the former leader Kublai Khan dead. Living among the emperor’s dominions, with his father and uncle, as an advisor and emissary for 16 or 17 years, he returned to Venice by way of Hormuz (aboard ship) and Constantinople (overland). “I speak and speak, [...] but the listener retains only the words he is expecting. Criticism of ‘The Travels of Marco Polo’ In the thirteenth century, there weren’t as many accounts as … Before reaching Shazhou, the Polos had traveled primarily among Muslim peoples, though they also encountered Nestorian Christians, Buddhists, Manichaeans, and Zoroastrians. 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