When the instruments of diplomacy fail to rectify the nation-state’s pressing political imperatives, war is called forth to accomplish the same by different means. A Letter to Clausewitz Haters from Beyond The Grave. accommodate anyone interested in understanding human strategies, including On War, was unfinished at his death. Though grammatically distinct, both follow the dictates of a single guiding logic. It has, to be sure, its own grammar, but not its own logic,” (On War (1943), pp. This reductive image of the Prussian General obscures the vast insight carried in his work. LOL.' Therefore, for Clausewitz, grand strategy is the totality of the state’s means of political intercourse directed toward the object(s) of policy. Francis Miyata earned an MA in War Studies from King’s College London in November 2019. [Note that many of the links on this site point to materials maintained by ClausewitzStudies.org.]. November 1831 in Breslau) war ein preußischer Generalmajor, Heeresreformer, Militärwissenschaftler und -ethiker.. Clausewitz wurde durch sein unvollendetes Hauptwerk Vom Kriege bekannt, das sich mit der Theorie des Krieges beschäftigt. However, it would not be correct to say that war and diplomacy are simply at odds or irreconcilable since history has shown that it is often at the negotiation table that military victories are consolidated or degraded. The Clausewitz Homepage is an expansive collection of texts, articles, papers, bibliographies in multiple languages, graphics, videos, and other information concerning the extremely influential, respected, and yet controversial Prussian military thinker and strategist Carl von Clausewitz (1780-1831). SSI is the U.S. Army’s institute for geostrategic and national security research and analysis. 8 Clausewitz then goes on to list some of the obvious facts about strategy: "that success is always greatest at the point where the As a continuation of political intercourse, it is no mistake that within war the routes of military supply, reinforcement, and recombination are denoted by the term Lines of Communication. While war is one form of political intercourse, or grammar, it never exists apart from the guiding intelligence of grand strategy, which is the logic of state policy. Stanford Libraries' official online search tool for books, media, journals, databases, government documents and more. In On War, there is a theory of grand strategy because Clausewitz had conceptualized the nation-state as equipped to participate in perpetual international intercourse. Strategic Culture: From Clausewitz to Constructivism Jeffrey S. Lantis ABSTRACT This paper charts the evolution of the theory of strategic culture through sev-eral generations of scholarship and explores contemporary arguments about the role of culture in shaping national security policy. Some, such as B.H. most frequently cited, the most controversial, and in many respects the Clausewitz's magnum opus Vom Kriege, referred to in English as On War, has been translated into virtually every major language.Any translation from one language to another necessarily involves interpretation not only of the language but of the conceptual content and intent, and no writer can escape the impact of his/her own era. It is the sum of all means of verbal and written communication. Correct the URL if necessary. VOL I (2016): No.1 - No.2 - No.3 - No.4 - What I’ve learned from “Clausewitz On Strategy”By Tiha Von Ghczy, Bolko Von Oetinger, & Christopher Bassford The contention of this essay is that Carl von Clausewitz implicitly defined grand strategy in his magnum opus, On War, as the sum of the tools of statecraft. However, Paul Kennedy refutes this in his monumental work The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers. He engages with the notion that war inevitably consists both of rational and irrational elements, but that policymakers should not (but … —Major-General Carl von Clausewitz, On War. Consequently, as Halford Mackinder identified over a century ago, rapid shifts in economic power resulting from equally rapid and uneven economic development inevitably produces destabilizing changes in international political power. The future of strategy in the 21 st century would be in understanding conflicts, in the light of the technological changes, as a “continuous interaction of opposites” [31] and then making use of centuries worth of strategic thought. on THE GRAND STRATEGY OF CARL VON CLAUSEWITZ. 280). articles, and arguments about the man and his ideas. ", Paul Donker, "The Evolution of Clausewitz's, Christopher Bassford, "Clausewitz's Categories of War and the Supersession of 'Absolute War'", C. Bassford, "John Keegan and the Grand Tradition of Trashing Clausewitz", Alan D. Beyerchen, "Clausewitz, Nonlinearity and the Unpredictability of War", C. Bassford, "Tiptoe Through the Trinity", "The Other Clausewitz": V. Bellinger's Blog on Marie von Clausewitz. Nevertheless, there seems to be general agreement that our strategy defines rules on how to achieve the medium- and long-term goals derived from the company's purpose. On-line in various forms since 1995. These issue are still on-line. These include the grammar of diplomacy and the grammar of economics. Carl von Clausewitz. Carl von Clausewitz’s On War is the most significant attempt in Western history to understand war, both in its internal dynamics and as an instrument of policy. This notion substantiates Emile Simpson’s formulation of war, presented in his work War From the Ground Up, as a competition to impose meaning (pp. These traits of the chief can be said to have contributed to the strategic success of the company. that strategy "presents extraordinary difficulties, and it is fair to say that very few people have clear ideas about its details." (Clausewitz 1940: Book I, Ch. This formulation of grand strategy conceives of integrating these tools such that the different forms of grammar may be used in concert to form a single statement of political intercourse. Tactics implement strategy by short-term decisions on the movement of troops and employment of weapons on the field of battle. Buy Clausewitz on Strategy: Inspiration and Insight from a Master Strategist 1st Edition by von Ghyczy, Tiha, von Oetinger, Bolko, Bassford, Christopher (ISBN: 9780471415138) from Amazon's Book Store. Everyday low prices and free delivery on eligible orders. Juli 1780 in Burg; † 16. Giulio Douhet, The Command of The Air (1921/1927), Classics of Strategy and Diplomacy. 35.). Clausewitz’s theory has endured to the present day as the nation-state remains the primary unit of international politics. Vom Kriege by Carl von Clausewitz, April 23, 2001, Wiley edition, in English Carl Philipp Gottfried (or Gottlieb) von Clausewitz (/ ˈ k l aʊ z ə v ɪ t s /; 1 June 1780 – 16 November 1831) was a Prussian general and military theorist who stressed the "moral" (meaning, in modern terms, psychological) and political aspects of war.His most notable work, Vom Kriege transl. • "The Other Clausewitz": V. Bellinger's Blog on Marie von Clausewitz Strategy also refers to the means by which policy is effected, account-ing for Karl von Clausewitz’s statement that war is a continuation of po-litical relations via other means. DoD Readers and Listeners: please use a non-DoD email to subscribe. 90 quotes from Carl von Clausewitz: 'If the mind is to emerge unscathed from this relentless struggle with the unforeseen, two qualities are indispensable: first, an intellect that, even in the darkest hour, retains some glimmerings of the inner light which leads to truth; and second, the courage to follow this faint light wherever it may lead. Today business, government, and military leaders around the world use it to evaluate and focus their strategy. And, likewise. With the relative abeyance of overt military conflict, scholars have readily identified how interstate competition has increasingly played out under the grammar of economics, or what has become known as ‘Geoeconomics.’ In a seminal essay, Edward N. Luttwak defines geoeconomics as “the admixture of the logic of conflict with the methods of commerce—or, as Clausewitz would have written, the logic of war in the grammar of commerce.” Thus, commerce is being weaponized to engender uneven economic and strategic development, accomplishing the object of war by other means. In 1832, his observations were published in the seminal book On War. However, Clausewitz offers a notion of grand strategy not in his theory of war but in his theory of the state. 282). On War, was unfinished at his death. INTRODUCTION: The Prussian military thinker Carl von Clausewitz General Observations. Carl von Clausewitz, Prussian general and military thinker, whose work Vom Kriege (1832; On War) has become one of the most respected classics on military strategy. He concludes that Clausewitz’ definition of strategy as "the art of the employment of battles as a means to gain the object of war" is seriously flawed in that this view of strategy intrudes upon policy and makes battle the only means of achieving strategic ends. Corbett, Clausewitz, and Sun Tzu, NWC Review. It also includes a great deal of ancillary information (e.g., on Clausewitz-related tourism, graphics, humor) that may be of use to those researching, writing, or teaching about Clausewitz. and other organizations concerned with human competition and conflict. Think about strategy and sharpen judgment in an unpredictable environment Carl von Clausewitz is widely acknowledged as one of the most important of the major strategic theorists; he's been read by Eisenhower, Kissinger, Patton, Chairman Mao, and numerous other leaders. While the classical and neoclassical economic notion of commerce as a pacifying force remains popular in the West, the logic of economics has always been contested (Seapower (2019), 233). He analogizes each through a trinity. This interpretation of Clausewitz leads to the definition of strategy as maintaining a floating balance of purpose, aims and means in … al) “soft power” is on the rise today; this, because it supports traditional society — and, thus, stands against new/modern U.S./Western society and its radically modern demands. Within their grand strategies, peer competitors are forging a tighter integration within the totality of the means of political intercourse such that economics is subsumed by war’s adversarial impulse. Clausewitz defined strategy as the use of the battle for the purposes of the war, a definition too narrow and operational for those who would use Thucydides to elucidate ‘grand strategy’.30 Ironically, therefore, if … They have always been necessary to sustain the life and prosperity of the nation-state (pp. Strategic theory: the primacy of policy. To that end, Carl von Clausewitz and his articulation of the trinity—reason, passion, and chance–offers a useful framework for understanding the character of hybrid warfare. It is designed to Whatever von Clausewitz thought, the concept of strategy is interpreted and applied very differently in business management theory and corporate practice. Clausewitz’s conception of grand strategy as the totality of the means of political intercourse offers one means of integrating all tools of statecraft into a single view of “state policy in its higher relations,” (On War (1943), pp. Others, such as military strategist John Stone, have praised Clausewitz’s definition while adding what they believed to be much-needed qualifications. “Law & Order: Organized Crime” is set to air in a two-episode crossover event with “Special Victims Unit” on April 1, 2021. First, it will have convinced the reader that this topic is worthy of more significant study. Clausewitz's On War has become the respected reference for strategy, dealing with political, as well as military, leadership. See also Bruce R. Nardulli, "Clausewitz and the Reorientation of Nuclear Strategy," Journal of Strategic Studies, December 1982, 494-510. 33 War may have its own nature of passion and violence, … A Letter to Clausewitz Haters from Beyond The Grave. Includes index. 32 It has been critically acclaimed as the most important and most fundamental part of Clausewitz’s work. War is merely one means of communication and should not be separated from its political context. It is this focus on the conduct of strategy that helps to separate The Art of War from Clausewitz’s work, and ultimately makes Jomini’s ideas less relevant in the long run (as we shall see). Clausewitz on Strategy This website and its academic sister ClausewitzStudies.org are intended as a central source for information, more His dictum that war is a continuation of politics is inextricably linked to the secondary trinity, the nation-state of his day, consisting of the people, the military, and the government (On War (1943), pp. and 20,000 other business, leadership and nonfiction books on getAbstract. John E. Wissler, Lieutenant General, USMC (Ret.) Access a free summary of Clausewitz on Strategy, by Christopher Bassford et al. No.5 - No.6 - No.7 - No.8 - No.9, VOL II (2017): No.1 - No.2 - No.3 - No.4 - b. However, statecraft includes other means of political intercourse—more forms of grammar—to express the overarching logic of its grand strategy. Photo Credit: Image by Free-Photos from Pixabay. is widely acknowledged as the most important of the classical strategic thinkers. Diplomacy is international dialogue encompassing negotiations, alliances, treaties, agreements, etc. Achenbach, "War and the Cult of Clausewitz," quoting Colonel (USA, retired) Arthur Lykke, a senior professor of strategy at the Army War College; Colonel [USA, ret.] Note: This item will not display properly under HTTPS. Since the work’s first appearance in 1832, it has been read throughout the world, and has stimulated generations of … Guidance: Which translation of Clausewitz do you have? Your email address will not be published. Overall, these means can be collectively described as diplomatic, military, and economic means. 91). In his biography, Clausewitz and the State, Peter Paret elucidates the centrality of the state in Clausewitz’s thought when he writes, “Clausewitz regarded the growth of the modern state as the most significant process in history,” (pp. MAIN CONTENT — To access our main content categories, see the navigation bar at the top of your screen. It is perhaps impossible to discuss his theory of war without mentioning his theory of the state. 90 quotes from Carl von Clausewitz: 'If the mind is to emerge unscathed from this relentless struggle with the unforeseen, two qualities are indispensable: first, an intellect that, even in the darkest hour, retains some glimmerings of the inner light which leads to truth; and second, the courage to follow this faint light wherever it may lead. Carl von Clausewitz defined strategy as “the use of the engagement to attain the object of war” (390). War, the primary trinity, is composed of enmity, chance and intelligence (On War (1943), pp. Russian (et. 280). Diplomacy and war flow into one another—where one stutters, the other completes the utterance. Carl von Clausewitz Resources, Clausewitz.com. Strategy, therefore, is about making choices on how we will concentrate our limited resources to achieve competitive advantage. It is no exaggeration to say that Sea Lines of Communication are the basis of today’s economics, with more than 90% of trade conveyed by sea (Seapower (2019), pp. As the affairs of states continue to evolve into a complex web of interdependence, cooperation, and competition, pressure mounts on states to effectively employ the tools of statecraft to attain their political objects. Carl Philipp Gottlieb Clauswitz, später Clausewitz, ab 1827 von Clausewitz (* 1. 16-17). Clausewitz’ second stream of thought investigates how strategy could be studied instead. This article highlights Clausewitz’s different concepts of purpose and aims and tries to shed at least some light of the strategic implications of this difference. As a theorist, Carl Von Clausewitz is often reduced to his dictum that “war is a continuation of politics by other means,” (pp. For Clausewitz, the nation-state is characterized by its capacity to harness material and the energy of the people and convert it into the activity of war. Law & Order: Organized Crime (NBC at 10) Elliot Stabler, played by Christopher Meloni, pictured above, returns to the NYPD. Clausewitz gives us the answer. The primacy of policy has dominated modern strategic thinking since Carl von Clausewitz noted that war is not an independent phenomenon but a modification of political intercourse. The great military theorist Carl von Clausewitz put it another way: "Tactics is the art of using troops in battle; strategy is the art of using battles to win the war." The Clausewitz Homepage is an expansive collection of texts, articles, papers, bibliographies in multiple languages, graphics, videos, and other information concerning the extremely influential, respected, and yet controversial Prussian military thinker and strategist Carl von Clausewitz (1780-1831). His most famous assertion being: His most famous assertion being: "War is not merely a political act, but also a real political instrument, a … Therefore, the dual military-commercial usage of Sea Lines of Communication tightly integrates military and economic grammars of political intercourse within a single domain of contestation. In this regard read, for example, the March 21st, 2016 The American Interest article “The Reality of Russian Soft Power” by John Lloyd and Daria Litinova: https://www.the-american-interest.com/2018/03/21/putins-soft-power/. Second, Clausewitz’s notion of the nation-state as an organ of political intercourse and nation-states’ grand strategy as the direction of the totality of their means is well suited to accommodate the strategic exigencies of today’s international system. Creative Thinking about National Security and Defense. However, Clausewitz offers a notion of grand strategy not in his theory of war but in his theory of the state. This reductive image of the Prussian General obscures the vast insight carried in his work. No doubt, trade can confer mutual benefit and produce economic interdependence that increases nation-states’ cost of going to war. Clausewitz on Strategy: Inspiration and Insight from a Master Strategist: Ghyczy, Tiha Von, Oetinger, Bolko von, Bassford, Christopher: Amazon.sg: Books Steve Jobs can be compared to the military genius with all the traits developed by Clausewitz; intellect, courage to develop new products for the market, ability to adapt to changes and strength of character. Messy, complex areas of operations are highly relevant for the future. Even further gains by nations such as China and Russia today. Strategy is the necessary response to the inescapable reality of limited resources. As the primary instrument of foreign policy, diplomacy is the highest expression of political intercourse. Can Clausewitz — and/or the information provided by our author above — be used to explain the phenomenon that I describe below: U.S./Western “soft power” is on the wane today; this, because it demands too much of — and thus stands against — traditional society. The views expressed in this article are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of the U.S. Army War College, the U.S. Army, or the Department of Defense. On the one hand – and based on his famous dictum that war is the continuation of politics by other means – he suggests understanding strategy as a socio-political (rhetorical) mechanism through which people can be convinced in deliberations about a specific course of action. To excel at strategy, we must first understand what it is. Clausewitz lays out here a powerful definition of strategy. His research interests include Chinese military history, maritime strategy, insurgency and political philosophy. According to Sun Tzu, an ideal general was an enlightened Taoist master which led to “The Art of War” to become a prime example of Taoist strategy. ", Article: Paul Donker, "The Evolution of Clausewitz's Vom Kriege: a reconstruction on the basis of the earlier versions of his masterpiece", Paper: Christopher Bassford, "Clausewitz's Categories of War and the Supersession of 'Absolute War'", Article: Jon T. Sumida, "The Clausewitz Problem", Article: C. Bassford, "John Keegan and the Grand Tradition of Trashing Clausewitz", Article: Alan D. Beyerchen, "Clausewitz, Nonlinearity and the Unpredictability of War", Paper: C. Bassford, "Tiptoe Through the Trinity", Review Essay:Â Bruno Colson, "Clausewitz for Every War". From this such perspective, it would seem that further efforts to advance (ugly?) Clausewitz on Strategy - Free download as Word Doc (.doc / .docx), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. In "Learning Some Painful Lessons from Afghanistan," Gunhild Hoogensen Gjørv argues argues that one of the core weaknesses of the Afghanistan mission was the underestimation of the civil-military landscape. Strategy, at its heart, is about choice. Clausewitz’s classic treatise, originally published in 1832, goes beyond discussions of military strategy and tactics. The contemporary reception of the Prussian General’s formulation of strategy varies greatly. He argues that in an age where military might is founded on economic power, trade has clear ramifications for the international balance of power. most modern of strategic theorists. Edition Notes Translation from German. The ASPI report concludes that, “The trend is toward an increasingly Chinese-dominated political, economic, technological, and strategic ecosystem in the Indo-Pacific,” which is doing more to hinder American power projection than overt military measures. As Geoffrey Till explains in his book Seapower, Sea Lines of Communication have the peacetime function of transporting commerce. The Three Stages of Mao’s Revolutionary Warfare, Parallel Narratives. 280). The Clausewitz Studies Newsletter, edited by Vanya Eftimova Bellinger, is currently in a "creative pause." The nation-state permeates the whole of Clausewitz’s work. strategy However, the geography and roads that underpin military lines of communications are also those of economic exchange, demonstrating the intimate proximity of war and economics as components of the totality of nation-state intercourse. not only scholarly researchers on Clausewitz but also students and faculty If successful, this short essay will have produced two results. Clausewitz's definition of strategy, as given in On War, is very unsatisfactory. The talent of the strategist is to identify the decisive point and to concentrate everything on it, removing forces from secondary fronts and ignoring lesser objectives. Liddell Hart in his work Strategy, have criticized this definition’s narrowness and what he perceived as congenital bellicosity. It became the most important book ever written on the theory of warfare and strategy. Learn More About SSI Trending The United States and the Transatlantic Relationship ABSTRACT: Europe remains as important as ever for US security but several factors contribute to a degree of unsteadiness in the 2020 European security environment. On … Clausewitz enlisted in the Prussian army in 1792, and in 1793–95 he took part (and was commissioned) in the campaigns of the First Clausewitz on strategy inspiration and insight from a master strategist This edition was published in 2001 by Wiley in New York. VIII) Whereas Michael Doyle, the author of Ways of War and Peace, criticizes Clausewitz for ruminating that war is a constant and never gives an explanation as to how to eliminate war entirely, it would seem that Clausewitz never set out to eradicate war but to theorize on how to be successful in war. 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On war ( 1943 ), pp to be much-needed qualifications pause ''. Respected reference for strategy, it would seem that further efforts to advance ugly... Access our main CONTENT categories, see the navigation bar at the top of your screen what it the! Concept of strategy and tactics, diplomacy is international dialogue encompassing negotiations, alliances, treaties, agreements etc!
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