[115] The councils classification only applies to public exhibition, and the law does not require classification of home media. The first system existed between 1965 and 2004, and was administered by the Ministry for National Cultural Heritage and its predecessors. [45] Films do not have to be submitted for a rating and in such instances must be labelled a "15" (restricted to people aged 15 and above). Prior to showing in theaters, a distribution certificate must be obtained from the Ministry of Culture. The MPAA Ratings Board examines each individual film in terms of theme, language, nudity, sex, drug use and violence. discrimination, sexual abuse, glorification of violence etc. The Hong Kong motion picture rating system (Chinese: 香港電影分級制度; Jyutping: hoeng1 gong2 din6 jing2 fan1 kap1 zai3 dou6) is a legal system of movie screening and rating. A comparison of current film rating systems, showing age on the horizontal axis. 33 helpful votes. Privacy Policy | It has its own classification system, as follows:[79][80], In the Netherlands, the Kijkwijzer system is used, which is executed by the Netherlands Institute for the Classification of Audiovisual Media (NICAM). [5], Motion pictures are rated by the Austrian Board of Media Classification (ABMC) for the Federal Ministry of Education, Arts and Culture (Bundesministerium für Unterricht, Kunst und Kultur). [11] Under Kijkwijzer, the distributor fills out a questionnaire about the content of the film and an age category is automatically assigned. Sitemap | [104] The categories are: Film classification in Singapore was introduced on 1 July 1991 and comes under the jurisdiction of the Board of Film Censors (BFC), currently part of the Infocomm Media Development Authority (IMDA). ", Classification and Ratings Administration, "X Film Rating Dropped and Replaced by NC-17 : Movies: Designation would bar children under 18. FACEBOOK The decade was ripe for the ratings system, according to Joan Graves, current head of the movie ratings board. [57], Since July 1, 2006, FRÍSK (short for Félag rétthafa í sjónvarps- og kvikmyndaiðnaði) has replaced the Kvikmyndaskoðun system in Iceland. These symbols are also used in television channels broadcasting under license issued in the Netherlands (independent from country for which the channel are dedicated). [11] There are four categories: Films intended for public exhibition have to be submitted to the Director of Film, Newspaper and Article Administration, who is the Film Censorship Authority (FCA) under the Ordinance, for approval. A motion picture content rating system is an organization designated to classify films based on their suitability for audiences due to their treatment of issues such as sex, violence, or substance abuse; their use of profanity; or other matters typically deemed unsuitable for children or adolescents. | California Privacy Rights [66], A Japanese film rating regulator known as Eirin (映倫) [full-name: Eiga Rinri Kanri Iinkai (映画倫理管理委員会)] has a film classification system under which films are classified into one of four categories. [116], The following categories are used:[117][118], Switzerland has adopted Germany's Freiwillige Selbstkontrolle der Filmwirtschaft (Voluntary Self-Regulation of the Film Industry, FSK). As of June 22, 2005, the Ministry of Culture issued its new rating system. A minor up to 3 years younger than the age limit is permitted to see a film in a cinema when accompanied by an adult, except for 18-rated films. [135][136] The system was established in 1968, but the version listed below is the most recent revision, having been in effect since 1990. In cinemas the ratings are mandatory (subject to parental guidance) whereas for video releases they are merely advisory, except in the case of pornographic content. The main reasons to go to the movies, the study says, are to relax, spend time with family and simply to pass the time. Equivalent to the MPAA’s G, PG, and/or PG-13. [72], Historically, film censorship in Malaysia was carried out by police under the Theatre Ordinance 1908. Broken down by region, the rich southern province of Guangdong dominated box office receipts, taking in 16 percent, followed by Beijing, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai. This is according to Rachel Botsman, an author who published part … Under Dutch law children are admitted to films carrying an age rating if accompanied by an adult except in the case of "16" and "18" rated films.[81][82]. [109] All broadcasters, cinemas and distributors of DVD/video and computer games must comply with the following: There are also sub-descriptors used with some of the ratings: The Korea Media Rating Board (영상물등급위원회) in Seoul divides licensed films into the following categories:[110][111], All films to be commercially released in Spain in any medium must be submitted to the ICAA (Instituto de Cinematografía y Artes Audiovisuales - Cinematography and Audiovisual Arts Institute). The Committee may sanction edits of or outright ban certain films in order to comply with cultural laws and values of Kuwait. [29][30] The Maritimes and British Columbia (along with Saskatchewan) also provide an "A" classification for adult content. Two popular movie review websites in China have disabled the star rating system for the film. [74], Upon viewing the board will assign one of three categories to the film:[75], Should a film be approved, the Board then assigns the film a classification. Prior to then films were either approved or effectively banned. In some cases, films may be classified as "pornographic films or those containing an incitement to violence" or completely prohibited from screening. The new system is fully advisory, and carries no mandatory restrictions. In the San Cristóbal municipality the following ratings apply:[139], In the Baruta municipality the following ratings apply:[140], In the Maracaibo municipality children under the age of two are not admitted to performances and the ratings are enforced:[141], All theatrical releases are screened by the Cinema Department of the Ministry of Culture, Sport and Travel of Vietnam to ensure suitability for public viewing. The Films, Videos, and Publications Classification Act 1993 gives the Office of Film and Literature Classification the power to classify publications into three categories: unrestricted, restricted, or "objectionable" (banned). If this is just the start of the sci-fi genre for the Chinese movie industry, then we can set sky-high expectations for the future. There are also operational descriptions of attenuating and aggravating elements that can interfere on the final rating. A new survey shows that Chinese audiences are … Its categories—given by the National Film Office—were "Without age restriction", "Parental guidance suggested below age of 12", "Not recommended below age of 16", "Not recommended below age of 18", and "For adults only". [67][68], In Kazakhstan, films are rated by the Committee for Culture of the Ministry for Culture and Information.[69]. TWITTER Film classification in Saudi Arabia is administered by the General Commission for Audiovisual Media (GCAM) after the reintroduction of film theatres in the country as of 2017. A PG13 (Parental Guidance 13) rating, introduced in 2011, is the latest rating to be introduced. Films must be submitted to the State Administration of Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television (SARFT) for censorship prior to being cleared for import into China. The Icelandic ratings system also provides an "18" rating in addition to the Kijkwijzer ratings. While Hong Kong and Taiwan limit access to films depending on age, once China’s censors clear films for … China wants to give all of its citizens a score – and their rating could affect every area of their lives. Ratings are determined by the Classification and Ratings Administration (CARA), via a board comprised of … The G, PG and PG13 ratings are advisory while NC16, M18 and R21 carry age restrictions. How Germany's film age-rating system works Before any movie hits German theaters, FSK examiners decide how old a minor must be in order to watch it. Only films that are passed as "suitable for all ages" are released although some exhibitors have introduced informal ratings. According to reports, the grading system is mainly composed of three standards based … [134], In the United States of America, film classification is a voluntary process with the ratings issued by the Motion Picture Association (MPA) via the Classification and Rating Administration (CARA). It has been suggested that this article be, Rates the suitability of movies to its audience, Categories of the Argentinian classification system, The Danish ratings administered by the Media Council for Children and Young People, Hong Kong ratings administered by the Film Censorship Authority, The Hungarian ratings administered by the National Media and Infocommunications Authority, The Kijkwijzer ratings used in the Netherlands before January 2020, The FPB's rating categories and descriptors. A supplementary classification, "Especialmente Recomendada para la Infancia" (Especially recommended for children), is sometimes appended to the lowest two classifications. Minors are not admitted to films with pornographic or excessively violent content. This page was last edited on 8 April 2021, at 13:25. Certificates issued are based on the following categories:[76], As of 2012, films in Malta are classified by the Film Board in accordance with the Malta Council for Culture and the Arts Act. All rating is advisory except the "X" classification which, by law, are strictly prohibited from viewing by people under 18. Cinemas may legally exhibit films without a classification but minors are prohibited from such screenings. [10] Until January 2020, classifications for films publicly exhibited in Belgium were issued by the Inter-Community Commission for Film Rating (Dutch: Intergemeenschapscommissie voor de Filmkeuring; French: Commission Intercommunautaire de Contrôle des Films). In September 1991, a Restricted (Artistic) (R(A)) rating was introduced to replaced the previous R-rating so as to allow the screening of certain art-house films which would otherwise have been banned without said rating, with an increased age restriction set at 21 years of age. Other factors may or may not influence the classification process, such as being set within a non-fictional historical context, whether the film glorifies violence or drug use, whether said violence or drug use is carried out by the protagonist, with whom the viewer should empathize, or by the antagonist. [93] The categories are: The Norwegian Media Authority (Medietilsynet) sets the age limits on films to be exhibited in Norway. Officially, the censorship system is designed to promote Confucian morality, political stability and social harmony. The categories have been in use since 1 May 1998. The Minister will decide which certificate to issue based on a recommendation by the classification of the Centre national du cinéma et de l'image animée (CNC). By contrast, last year's foreign films -- principally those from Hollywood -- brought in twice the amount of revenue as domestic ones. In mid-April 2010, the four 18 categories were deprecated, and was simplified to just 18. Chinese moviegoers in the report are critical of domestic movies, saying that they believed local films lacked creativity and innovation in their subject matter and themes, had lower production values, especially in VFX, and were repetitive. The age ratings may also be supplemented by the following content categories: Pornographic films may only be exhibited at venues licensed for that purpose. [99][100] The categories are the following:[100], Ratings in Romania are set by the National Center of Cinematography (Romanian: Centrul Național al Cinematografiei) (CNC). All publicly exhibited films, visual recordings and films broadcast over television and electronic networks must be classified. The draft law was met with resistance from the film industry and independent filmmakers. [6] The only exception is in the case of "16" rated films, since under Austrian law there is a legal age restriction on certain types of content i.e. But it is also clear that the rating system's main purpose is defusing public criticism and protecting the film industry from government intervention. In late 2008, the PG13 classification was introduced, which was changed to P13 in 2012. All rights reserved. Videos designed to inform, educate or instruct or concerned with sport, religion or music are exempt from classification; exempt films may be marked as "E", but this is not an official label. Under Swiss law, however, children up to two years younger than the age recommendations will be admitted if accompanied by a person invested with parental authority. ", "Инструкции по проведению внешней оценки учебных достижений", "Cabinet Regulation No.587: Regulations Regarding the Classification of Films", "Cinematografía: Criterios de Clasificación", "Poder Ejectuivo: Secretaria de Gobernacio – Acuerdo mediante el cual se expiden los criterios para la clasificación de películas cinematográficas", "New Zealand's classification law: The Films, Videos, and Publications Classification Act, 1993", "Films, Videos, and Publications Classification Act 1993", "New Zealand teens can only watch Netflix show 13 Reasons Why with their parents", "Classifications: Classification Symbols", "English Version: Classification in Portugal", "Decreto-Lei n.º 396/82, de 21 de Setembro", Ministry of Communications and Mass Media, "Федеральный закон от 29.12.2010 № 436-ФЗ", http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_15_2004-12-27.html, "Regulations & Licensing: Content Standards & Classification – Film & Videos", "Media Rating Board OKs Screening of Kim Ki-duk's Controversial 'Moebius, "Cinema and Audio-Visual Concepts: Film Rating", "Lag (2010:1882) om åldersgränser för film som ska visas offentligt", "Ny lag: Från 1 mars kan 11-åringar se film med 15-årsgräns på bio i sällskap med en vuxen", "Switzerland: Harmonisation of Minimum Age for Cinema Attendance", "Change to film rating system to benefit teenagers: official", "Film rating system change to benefit teenagers: gov't", Bureau of Audiovisual and Music Industry Development, "Sinema Filmlerinin Değerlendirilmesi ve Sınıflandırılmasına İlişkin Usul ve Esaslar Hakkında Yönetmelik", "Sinema Filmlerini Değerlendirme Ve Sınıflandırma İşaretlerimizi Tanıyalım", "New UAE ratings system for films, games, books", "FAQs: What are the differences between the 'U' and 'Uc' categories? [21][22], Film ratings in Canada are a provincial responsibility, and each province has its own legislation, rules and regulations regarding rating, exhibition and admission. As of 2012 the ratings are:[74], Film in the Maldives are classified by the National Bureau of Classification. STORY: China Box Office Repayment Guidelines Revealed. All publicly released films must be submitted to the Youth Committee for classification. Some 60 percent of respondents said they were willing to purchase peripheral products priced between $8.15 and $32.60 (50 and 200 yuan). Terms of Use | All films to be made commercially available must be classified, except in the case of educational films which are labeled as "for educational purposes" instead. THE HOLLYWOOD REPORTER is a registered trademark of The Hollywood Reporter, LLC. The RTC is an agency of the Department of State (Secretaría de Gobernación). [73] Malaysia's motion picture rating system was introduced in 1953, initially classifying films either for General Audiences (Tontonan Umum) or For Adults Only (Untuk Orang Dewasa Sahaja), and in 1996 these classifications were changed to U and four different 18 categories. This entails a three-step process: 1. In Germany, for example, films depicting explicit war violence in a real war context (such as the Second World War) are handled more leniently than films with purely fictional settings. [127][128], A film and video rating system was introduced in November 2017, and was established commercially as of February 2018 by the National Media Council. Republic of China (Taiwan) G: General audiences – General audiences are able to view. Hungarian ratings are decided by the National Media and Infocommunications Authority (NMHH):[56], The current one is the third motion picture rating system in Hungary. Films not submitted to the Media Authority for classification carry a mandatory age rating of "18". When they go to the movies, Chinese filmgoers are prepared to buy peripheral products and use the concessions, but they say the items on sale lack variety and are expensive. Since July 1, 2006, FRÍSK (short for Félag rétthafa í sjónvarps- og kvikmyndaiðnaði) has replaced the Kvikmyndaskoðun system in Iceland. [95], In the Philippines, motion pictures, along with television programs, are rated by the Movie and Television Review and Classification Board, a special agency of the Office of the President. The classification was revised in January 2017, replacing the previous rating system.[142]. Ratings are required for theatrical exhibition, but not all provinces require classification for home video. The age that corresponds to the category and the level of enforcement is defined by municipality ordinances. In exceptional cases, a film may be refused classification if it either exceeds the permissible limits of the R21 classification, contains any material that undermines or is likely to undermine public order, or is likely to be prejudicial to national interest. It reveals, for example, what a young and highly educated person the Chinese filmgoer is. [34], Films are classified by the Council of Cinematographic Classification (Consejo de Calificación Cinematográfica) which is a central agency under the Ministry of Education. Informing parents is important to the MPAA. In October 2013, FRÍSK announced that it was adopting a new system similar to the Netherlands' Kijkwijzer at least through 2016. [83][84] With a few exceptions, films, videos, DVDs and restricted computer games must carry a label before being offered for supply or exhibited to the public. Before 1962, the Royal Decree n° 1848 of 6 November 1926 established that the films that obtained the clearance could be classified for all ages (T) or forbidden to children under 16 years (VM16). 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